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“With Liberty and Justice for All” Free Essays

An assessment of the social disparity that exists in accordance with Gay Marriage Aimee L. Vroman Strayer University Online Introduction to Sociology SOC 100-015016 Professor Paul Humenik August 22, 2010 Abstract as of late, the discussion over same-sex marriage has developed from an issue that at times emerged in a couple of states to an across the nation debate. To be sure, over the most recent five years, the discussion over gay marriage has been heard in the lobbies of the U. We will compose a custom exposition test on â€Å"With Liberty and Justice for All† or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now S. Congress, at the White House, in many state governing bodies and courts, and in the talk of political races at both the national and state levels. Besides, the fight about whether gays and lesbians ought to be permitted to marry gives no indications of decreasing. In the most recent year alone, three states have prohibited same-sex marriage and four states have sanctioned the training. The ideal opportunity for banter is currently finished. The issue of gay marriage isn't one of strict debasement, social disintegration, or even moral breakdown. It is an issue of unavoidable rights ensured to all residents of this nation. The way that our central government doesn't perceive gay relationships is an outrage and disgraceful, best case scenario. â€Å"The establishment to gay rights will at last be viewed as the option to wed, in light of the fact that with that privilege solidly settled in law, most different types of segregation couldn't be legitimized. † (Bidstrup, Why Gays Should Be Allowed To Marry, 1996) When we as a general public look outwards, we see everything that we can do to enable different social orders to achieve our degree of equity, individual and budgetary achievement, opportunities, and everything else that accompanies our insight and constancy. Be that as it may, on the off chance that we as a general public were to search internally at ourselves (something that I am certain that solitary a little level of our general public is happy to do) and at our general public overall, would we see it from an alternate perspective? Would we see that significantly following fifty years of social liberties and equivalent open door that we despite everything mistreat and treat a few gatherings of our general public as peons? Our country’s Bill of Rights has been changed by Constitutional Amendments to state the every single American resident has certain natural rights. The option to be hitched is one that we Americans hold precious to us. Why at that point, is this specific right denied to the gay network? One of the greatest and most intense contentions against gay marriage in this nation is that it is against God and that it is against what it says in the Bible (The Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve contention). Truly, this nation was established on Christian standards and laws that were seen to be reasonable for the entirety of its populace. Notwithstanding, this isn't the seventeen hundreds nor is it the hour of the Inquisition. This is the alleged Modern Era, where not just innovation and money should be overhauled and ever improving yet additionally cultural acknowledgment of individuals that are not quite the same as what we see as standard and the cultural standard. By what means can there be cultural equity for the gay network when we as a general public, who announce ourselves to be edified and ground breaking, deny even this generally fundamental of rights to the gay network? The appropriate response is straightforward; there can be no cultural equity for the gay network in this perspective. Imagine a scenario in which we were to reverse the situation on society and tell everybody that isn't a piece of the gay network that their relationships, common associations, and different types of organization were invalid and no longer existed according to the administration. There would be a cultural change. Insurgency would result and the administration would be disassembled by the individuals. Afterward, when the individuals had concluded that there had been sufficient tumult, transformed by the individuals and for the individuals. The main explanation this has not occurred with the gay network is on the grounds that they are the minority for this situation. For quite a long time of our country’s history, we have been blameworthy of persecuting and in any event, subjugating the minorities inside our general public, to avoid even mentioning denying them the natural rights called for in our own Constitution. After some time, those minorities that have battled and contended energetically for these rights have in the end been managed these rights by Constitutional Amendments. However still, here we sit in the twenty-first century, we despite everything can't see past our own inclinations and our profound established feelings of dread of whatever is unique or in opposition to us. Toward the day's end, our resistance to gay marriage stems at last from a profound seeded homophobia in our way of life and society, borne for the most part out of strict partiality. While a considerable lot of us don't understand that homophobia exists to the degree that it does, it is an undeniable piece of each gay person’s life, much the same as prejudice is an undeniable piece of each African American’s life. It is there, it is unavoidable, and it has unquestionably more genuine ramifications for our general public than a large portion of us understand, for gay individuals, yet for society all in all. This strict bias originates from a few notable substances. Those substances incorporate, yet are not constrained to, the Catholic Church, the Mormon Church, the American Family Association, and Focus on the Family, and the most preservationist of Protestant factions. Along with their different political auxiliary gatherings, an entire host of littler conservative political and strict associations, and a couple out-right detest gatherings, they are molding national and nearby approach towards the gay network. They burn through a great many dollars curving and distorting choices, suggestions, and other neighborhood instruments of law exclusively with the end goal of dread mongering to frighten the people into line at the surveys. It is these sorts of strategies being utilized that are obsolete and completely wrong in the good and moral sense. They state that cash defiles; well the evidence is in the notorious pudding. The dread mongering transforms into unmatched loathe and it is energized by these alleged â€Å"Christian† associations. This is in opposition to the Christian lifestyle and in opposition to the feelings of a Christian. Disdain without anyone else, spruced up as strict doctrine has been utilized for such a long time that it is starting to lose its adequacy (in the end individuals start to make sense of that it is generally a strategy for filling seats, assortment plates and crusade coffers more than it is a method of transforming lost spirits and improving society), so the more smart of these associations have started to move onto a smooth purposeful publicity exertion dependent on that long-lasting most loved champ, dread (Bidstrup, Gay Marriage: The Arguments and Motives, 2009). The ideal opportunity for talk and Bible pounding is finished. Our nation had its season of strict transformation. It is presently time for each individual, paying little mind to sex, race, strict conviction, or sexual direction, to be given the rights that our laws and conventions give. This thought has been the foundation of our general public and our country for a long time. â€Å"We can't acknowledge the view that Amendment 2’s restriction on explicit legitimate insurances does close to deny gay people of exceptional rights. Actually, the revision forces an extraordinary inability on those people alone. Gay people are illegal the shields that others appreciate or may look for without requirement. (Kennedy, Stevens, O’Connor, Souter, Ginsburg, amp; Breyer, 1996) In the Supreme Court feeling that this statement is taken from, it says evidently that a state (Colorado for this situation) can't keep any gathering of people from participating in any open or private exchange. In spite of the fact that this case was fervently bantered throughout the following fifteen years, Colorado in 2007 passed a law denying any oppression gay people. Presently on the off chance that one state can do this and, at that point another and afterward another, for what reason is it so difficult for our governmentally chosen authorities to do something very similar? The main answer that I can give is the activists, abhor gatherings, and church lobbyists that toss a great many dollars into the coffers of our Senators and Congressman. This grimy cash guarantees that by and by they will get chose and that by and by they will cast a ballot to keep the gay network as peasants. This situation is unsuitable. The ideal opportunity for change is presently. Opportunity is the privilege of each American paying little heed to sex, race, strict association, and sexual direction. Ample opportunity has already past that we, as a general public, stand up and state in one bound together voice, â€Å"This isn't right and we won't represent it any more! Works Cited Bidstrup, S. (2009, June 3). Gay Marriage: The Arguments and Motives. Recovered August 19, 2010, from Bidstrup. com: http://www. bidstrup. com/marriage. htm Bidstrup, S. (1996, December 4). Why Gays Should Be Allowed To Marry. Recovered August 18, 2010, from Bidtrsup. com: http://www. bidstrup. com/hawaii. htm Kennedy, A. M. , Stevens, J. P. , O’Connor, S. D. , Souter, D. H. , Ginsburg, R. B. , amp; Breyer, S. G. (1996, October 20). Preeminent Court Bound Volume 517. Recovered August 18, 2010, from United States Supreme Court: http://www. supremecourt. gov/conclusions/boundvolumes/517bv. pdf The most effective method to refer to â€Å"With Liberty and Justice for All†, Papers

Management Survey - SPSS Example

Management Survey - SPSS Example Management Survey - SPSS â€" Assignment Example > Critique and Analyses of Survey Data â€" “Management Sciences Institute”, UK, Survey Questionnaire IntroductionThe “Management Sciences Institute”, UK, has prepared a questionnaire that it has distributed to its members so that it could conduct a survey. The primary intention behind conducting the survey is to gather data to assist the organisation in preparing for conferences, publication of its magazines and journals and putting together advertisements for posts required by other organisations to be filled by professionals belonging to it. The organisation has 3,000 members to all of whom the questionnaire was mailed. As in relevance to this report data from 300 respondents has been considered for analyses. Part A - Critique of the Questionnaire The “Management Sciences Institute”, UK, questionnaire is a 27-item affair that is strategically divided into the following five main areas. Questions 1-8 pertain to the members’ personal detailsQuestions 9-14 pertain to th e manner in which members interact with the Institute’s Annual Conference initiativesQuestions 15-20 pertain to the Institutes Publications and the manner in which the members view and utilise themQuestions 21-24 pertain to the Institute’s Website and the manner in which individual members view and utilise itQuestions 25-27 constitute 3 questions that assess how members are involved in the Institute’s activities and how they view its committee After adequate study of the questionnaire and other relevant questionnaires prepared for the same purpose for other professional bodies it is found that the items are all relevant to the issue at hand and they also do the job efficiently. Thus, this critique does not in any manner deem it necessary to either add or detract any item to or from the existing list. Nevertheless, it is found necessary to comment on how some of the scoring of the questions can be done so that analyses of responses can be speedily processed and results can be construed efficiently. Scoring: For this purpose question items are taken individually and main area-wise. Members’ Personal Details: Questions 1-8 that pertains to this area has one singularity. Question 1, which seeks to delineate whether a member is an analyst, manager, consultant or academic constitutes an independent variable upon which the other variables in this area are dependent. Thus, it is necessary to at first determine whether a member is any one of these four categories before the other details elicited can be analysed according to this independent variable. This is done in sections 2 3 of Part B and it is found that results are easily derivable and construable. Thus, it is found that consultants are the best paid of the four while academics have the eldest age group. Now, something must be said as to how the various items in this area can be scored. Question 2 is not considered too germane to the issue at hand. Question 3 is an interesting case as it asks the me mbers to state in which part of England they operate. If the following scale is assigned â€" Scotland (1), North England (2), Midlands/Wales (3), South West England (4) and South East/London (5) it is found that the mean of the highest scale 5 is 2.5. This signifies that if the average score for this item is above 2.5 the members primarily operate in the south of England. Any average below that signify that most members operate above that region more the north. This is a rough but very useful indicator of where most members in a particular category are from.

Notion of Balance in Things Fall Apart by Achebe Essay

Notion of Balance in Things Fall Apart by Achebe The notion of balance in Achebes novel is an important theme throughout the book. Beginning with the excerpt from Yeatss poem, The Second Coming, the concept of balance is stressed as important, for without balance, order is lost. In the novel, there are many systems of balance which the Ibo culture seems to depend upon. It is when these systems are upset that things fall apart. Okonkwo, the Ibo religion, and ultimately, the Ibos autonomy were brought to their demise by an extreme imbalance between their male and female aspects. These male and female aspects can be generally be described as the external, physical strength of the male; and the internal, passive, and nurturing†¦show more content†¦Okonkwo is eventually defeated when he finds that his physical strength is not powerful enough to overcome the white men, and, unable to accept this, he hangs himself. The Ibo Religions Demise The Ibo religion falls in much the same way. This religion is centered about the worship of male gods and ancestors. The female god among these may be the Earth goddess, but Okonkwo offends this goddess twice in the story to save his masculine image: once when he beats his wife during the week of peace; the other when he strikes down his adopted son. The gods functions are mainly to help in war, and to aid the yearly yam crop, which is considered a mans crop. The highest members in the religious organization are the most respected men in the society; during ceremonies, they don costumes and play the role of the deceased ancestors. The primary influence women have in this religion is in the role of the oracle, who is a woman, although she embodies a male god. It is the women, also, who practice witchcraft, which is greatly feared in the tribes, but it should be noted that even this is a passive force with only intangible connections to any physical effects. When the Christian religion is introduced, preaching universal acceptance, many members of the clan who are dissatisfied with the Ibo religion are drawn toward it. Some of the title-less men described as women in the tribe are immediately drawn to it. Nwoye, who dislikes the practiceShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1325 Words   |  6 Pages Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Thing Fall Apart, first published in 1958, is Chinua Achebe’s first and most acclaimed novel. Achebe illustrates an approving rendering of Nigerian and African tribal life prior to and subsequent to colonialism. Achebe presents various aspects of a native African community, including war, women mistreatment, violence and conflict, while maintaining a balance in social coherence, customs and tradition. Achebe portrays a clash of culturesRead MoreThings Fall Apart: The Relationship Between Cultural Relativity and Superiority1352 Words   |  6 PagesBy utilizing an unbiased stance in his novel, Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe promotes cultural relativity without forcibly steering his audience to a particular mindset. He presents the flaws of the Ibo tribe the same way he presents the assets—without either condescension or pride; he presents the cruelties of the colonizers the same way he presents their open mindedness—without either resentment or sympathy. Becaus e of this balance, readers are able to view the characters as multifaceted humanRead MoreA Civilization Falls Apart Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature, talks about the changes from an un-dignified lion-chasing culture to that of a semi-dignified European society. The novel Things Fall Apart by Nigerian-born author Chinua Achebe, tells the story of a Umuofian villager named Okonkwo, and how Okonkwo has to come to grips with the changes that are happening in everyday Ibo life. The novel Things Fall Apart is not your typical tall African tale. The novel is a story, a story not just about one person, but about an entire civil-societyRead MoreThings Fall Apart-Notion of Balance Analysis1633 Words   |  7 PagesNotion of Balance in Things Fall Apart The notion of balance in Achebes novel is an important theme throughout the book. Beginning with the excerpt from Yeatss poem, The Second Coming, the concept of balance is stressed as important, for without balance, order is lost. In the novel, there are many systems of balance which the Ibo culture seems to depend upon. It is when these systems are upset that things fall apart. Okonkwo, the Ibo religion, and ultimately, the Ibos autonomy were broughtRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1974 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"Things Fall Apart† is a novel written by a Nigerian writer, Chinua Achebe in 1958. The author belongs to African culture and for this reason most part of the novel reflects the value of African culture. Many European countries moved to Africa and many other regions of the world in the end of the 19th century where they inaugurated colonies. With the new developing idea of colonization, a number of villages of Nigeria especially those involved in Umuofia confronted new institutions and politicalRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1696 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism Introduction Things Fall Apart is Chinua Achebe’s first novel published in 1958. Achebe lived from 1930 to 2013. Things Fall Apart was written as a rejoinder to European works of fiction that portrayed Africans as savages in need of the white man’s enlightenment. Chinua presents his history to the reader, highlighting both the strengths and the weakness by describing, for instance, the Igbo cultural festivals, their devotion to their gods, and their ritualistic ceremonial practices thatRead More Okonkwos Tragic Flaws in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3094 Words   |  13 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An increasing amount of contemporary literature traces its origins back to the early works of Greece. For ages, humans have fascinated themselves with the impossible notion of perfection. Unrealistic expectations placed on those who were thought to be the noblest or most honorable individuals have repeatedly led to disappointment and frustration, either on the part of those particular individuals or those they influence. Classic characters, like Odysseus and Oedipus for instance, exemplifyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1294 Words   |  6 PagesA common societal problem is the obsession over masculinity and femininity. Society is confused about what it actually means to be masculine and feminine. In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the protagonist character, Okonkwo, was so obsessed over masculinity that he was willing to sabotage relationships with friends, family and community members to prove his manliness. There are many theories to why societies have problems with masculinity and femininity. Okonkwo’s obsession with masculinityRead MoreGender Roles : Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart2246 Words   |  9 PagesOne of these authors is Chinua Achebe, who wrote the novel, Things Fall Apart that reflects the conditional of society. The significance of one’s culture affected gender roles and allowed society to determine an individual lifestyle; therefore, I attend to identify the structure of gender roles in Things Fall Apart on how women were important to men, yet they do not receive the treatment they deserve. When I first began reading Things Fall Apart, it helped me understand about theRead MoreThings Fall Apart Essay1843 Words   |  8 Pages Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart is an excellent piece of literary work that addresses the history of post-colonialism in Africa. The writer intentionally situates a colonized people as the cultural norm while portraying the colonizing people as outsiders, or as â€Å"the other†. Achebe’s work is meant to correct people’s misconception that African culture and society is savage and primitive by narrating the story of the colonialization of the Igbo people from an African point of view. The novel

Meaning of Life - 1425 Words

The Meaning of Life The meaning of life, defined by Victor E. Frankl, is the will to find your meaning in life. It is not the meaning of life in general, but rather the specific meaning of a persons life at a given moment. He believes that if you are approached with the question of what is the meaning of my life or in this case, life is meaningless, then you should reverse the question to that person asking the question. For example: What are you bringing to me? What are you as an individual contributing to this life? This forces the person in question to take a look at themselves and to ultimately be responsible. Frankl says that if you are a responsible member of society than the meaning of life transcends from yourself rather†¦show more content†¦Another aspect about suffering is that it stops being suffering the moment we find meaning in it. Now that possible reasons for why a person may be feeling that their life has no meaning has been addressed, here are some possible solutions that Fra nkl might suggest. Once the person has discovered why their life is meaningless they need to rediscover their meaning that they lost. They could ask themselves a question like, what was I born with and what is the greater meaning in that? Because it is believed that youre born with a meaning that every single person on this Earth is born with a meaning. Life doesnt owe you anything. Basically youre the responsible one for all the stuff you put out into the world during your life. Another thing that he might talk about is what the person does everyday. If they arent doing anything with their life he might suggest them getting involved with something to help create tension. Since tension drives us and pushes us to reach our goals, it helps give us meaning. Frankl also sees responsible-ness as the essence of human existence. He says that everyman has a specific, unique job in life that he is too fulfill an that no one else can do this or replace this one person in the same way. As each situation in life represents a challenge to man and presents a problem for him to solve, the question of the meaning of life may actually be reversed. Each man is questioned by life and he canShow MoreRelatedThe Meaning Of Life1639 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences shaped us. The search for the meaning of life gives everyone part of their purpose or reason for existing. It gives us hope and self-satisfaction that we can use our talents to make the world a better place. Meaning and experience are closely related. They focus on living in the moment and questing ideas that surround us. Experiences allow us to take part in the world and to have first-hand emotions that give new perspectives. The meaning of life directs our actions to the positive well-beingRead MoreThe Meaning of Life826 Words   |  3 PagesThe meaning of Life? What is the true meaning of your existence in life? What’s the purpose of having life? I researched many peoples view on life and many of them said life was a beautiful thing, and they’re very happy to live their life. Some said they really don’t know why their living or what they are living for. Some didn’t even care at all because they knew they would eventually meet death soon or later, kind of similar to the character named Meursault in the book â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Real Meaning Of Life1511 Words   |  7 Pages The real meaning to life Since the beginning of humankind we have always strived to find answers to everything that has come to exist along in life with us or before us. Even though at any given time Life can throw us obstacles, we may face these moments which sometimes make us wonder why were we placed into this world. I believe as humans we will always hold a desire to try and understand every issue we encounter. Although the world can be a very cruel place to live in and, it can mentally damageRead MoreMeaning of Life Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesJermaine Smith Period 7 The True Meaning of Life What is the meaning of life? Well known Greek philosphers such as Socrates and Plato believed that our purpose in this life was to gain knowledge in preparation for the next life. Other Philosophers such as Epicurus believed that pleasure is the main goal in life. After giving these ideas lots of thought, I have come to my own conclusion that the true meaning of life is far more complex than either of these; far too complex for any humanRead MoreEssay on The Meaning of Life843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Meaning of Life My few years on this planet have been a bit confusing. I have learned of many aspects of life from which one can draw meaning, if indeed such meaning can be drawn. I have also learned that there can be no singular meaning of life to stand for us all, or even any one of us. What I have learned above all is that trying to put words to the meaning of life is a task of absolute absurdity. This is not to be confused with the idea that life has no meaning, for life certainlyRead MoreMeaning to Life Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesMeaning to Life Is there a meaning to life? First, to clear up any misunderstandings in the next few paragraphs you are about to read, I shall explain a few things. I am not talking about the individual people in our lives, that mean so much to us, or individual lives. That is a whole other matter. What I mean by the meaning of life, is the greater picture. There are people all over the world, doing their own thing, living their own lives, in their own areas. Is there a point to this? TheRead MoreEssay on The Meaning of Life2288 Words   |  10 Pages The Meaning of Life The most difficult thing in life is finding something worth living for. The second most difficult thing is knowing when youve found it...... by Jamie Andreas Okay, lets be light hearted for once. Lets not talk about some heavy subject. Lets pick something more down to earth and fun. How about the meaning of life? Yes, the meaning of life, and the purpose of our lives. Teen-agers (that group of people who are most likely to begin to play the guitar) love to think aboutRead MoreThe True Meaning Of Life1880 Words   |  8 PagesThe true meaning of life comes in many different ways depending on the individual. As we grow older, we begin to contemplate what our true purpose is. For some, it might be the pursuit of love, happiness, or success. The truth is that many times these questions begin to arise when a person comes in close contact with someone that has passed away. A young child or teenager, for the most part, doesn’t think that death is close because our society has created this idea in which older people are depictedRead MoreWhat Is The Meaning Of Life? Essay1924 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is the Meaning of Life? The topic of life and its meaning has always been an obscure concept. Is life just about being prosperous and getting things done in time as if we are crossing things off a list or is there a deeper meaning to it? Before we go on I would like to ask this, what is the deeper meaning of life for you? This can be a challenging question for some because they might not have thought about this topic and or requires deep amount of discussion in oneself. Everyone will answerRead More Meaning of life Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pages The True Meaning of Life nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is the meaning of life? Well known Greek philosphers such as Socrates and Plato believed that our purpose in this life was to gain knowledge in preparation for the next life. Other Philosophers such as Epicurus believed that pleasure is the main goal in life. After giving these ideas lots of thought, I have come to my own conclusion that the true meaning of life is far more complex than either of these; far too complex for any human

Keats hellenism free essay sample

‘’Keats is essentially a Greek among the English poets’’- discuss./ Discuss Keats’ use of classical elements in the odes you have read./ Write on Keats’ Hellenism in his odes. Keats, as is well known, was not a classical scholar, yet he has been famous for his Hellenism, a term which may be defined as a love of Greek art, literature, culture and way of life. Keats had an inborn love for the Greek spirit,-their Religion of Joy and their religion of Beauty. He once wrote to one of his friends that he never ceased to wonder at ‘all that incarnate delight’ of the Greek way of life. In fact, he was driven to the world of Greek Beauty because he wanted to escape imaginatively from the harsh realities of his present. It should, however, be noted that ‘Keats was a Greek’ because he could enter lovingly and imaginatively into the world of the ancients, and not because his knowledge of it was accurate and scholarly. We will write a custom essay sample on Keats hellenism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His presentation of Hallas is romantic and not realistic. Keats’ mind was saturated with Greek literature and mythology. He habitually chooses Greek stories for his poetry. Endymion. Hyperion, Lamia, Grecian Urn, Psyche etc,- all have the themes borrowed from the Greeks. The Grecian Urn is a monument of the poet’s power of entering imaginatively into another world. We as readers feel that we have been transported entirely to the Hellenic world of beauty, love, festivity and ritual. It is permeated through and through with the Greek spirit. It may also be noted that the ‘Ode’ form, which he made particularly his own and in which he excels all other English poets, is typically a Greek verse form. Moreover, there are countless allusions to Greek legends and stories in poems which are not directly based on Greek themes. He frequently refers at all places to Muses, Apollo, Pan, Narcissus, Endymion, Diana, and a number of other classical gods and goddesses. In Ode to Nightingale, we have references to Dryads (That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees), the goddess Flora (Tasting of Flora and the country green), and Bacchus and his pards (Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards). In Ode on Melancholy, references are made to the river Lethe, goddess Proserpine and Psyche. These allusions are not mere conventional personifications as with other poets;Â  there is a tone of enjoyment in these allusions which shows that Greek mythology had really taken possession of his mind. The Greek temper of Keats is also revealed particularly in his joy in the Beauty of nature and his zest for an out of door life lived in her midst. Like the Greeks, Keats also takes a sensuous, childlike pleasure in the forms, colours, scents and sounds of nature and sees a god or goddess behind every object and phenomenon of the external world. The following lines can be cited in this regard- And haply the Queen –Moon is on her throne, Cluster’d around by all her starry Fays; The Greeks had a zest for life in nature and loved the activities of such life; but they also loved the serenity and quiet of pastoral life. Both these aspects are combined vividly in the Ode on a Grecian Urn. For example, the scenario of the Bacchanalian procession consisting of the flute players, the youth singing under the tree, and the lover about to kiss represent the joy of youth and its energy. On the other hand, the picture of the lowing heifer being led to the sacrificial altar represents the charm of a serene and quiet life. In fact, in his worship of Beauty, Keats justifies the remark of Shelley that he was a Greek. The Hellenic spirit was re-incarnated in Keats. Through his contact with Greek sculptures, he imbibed, as if by instinct, the classical discipline, simplicity and austerity. He was basically a romantic, and in the beginning his art is characterized by the romantic excess. But at times, he could achieve the clearness of outline, the directness and restraint and the austerity and finish of the classics. As Matthew Arnold points out, the last three lines of the Ode on a Grecian Urn, ‘is as Greek as anything from Homer or Theocritus’. Similarly the stanza of this Ode beginning, ‘Who are those coming to the sacrifice’ has been described as having ‘the clear radiance of Greek style’. In his description, Keats often achieves not only clarity, directness and simplicity, but also the happy combination of movement with repose which characterizes Greek art. For example, in the Ode on Melancholy we get; ‘Beauty that must die And Joy, whose hand is ever at his lipsbidding adieu’ Keats also has the passion for perfection of the Greeks. He has the epigrammatic terseness and brevity of the Greeks. Phrases like ‘drowsy numbness’, ‘leaden-eyed despair’, ‘leaf-fringed legends’, ‘cold pastoral, ‘wakeful anguish of the soul’ etc bear enough testimony to this. The opening two lines of the Ode on a Grecian Urn have even been called by Rossetti as the ‘Pillars of Hercules of the human language’. However, this Greek note in Keats’ poetry should not be exaggerated. He surely has the romantic melancholy, romantic exuberance and the love of colour and pageantry of the romantics. As a matter of fact, he got his knowledge of Greek mythology and literature through the study of the Elizabethans and in the process also imbibed their romanticism. In his poetry, we find a rare combination of classicism with romanticism. As Legoius and Cazamian put it, ‘ Keats affects the rare union of classical discipline, guided by the examples and precepts of the ancients, with the more intrinsically precious matter, which the artist finds in romanticism’. We may also add that he is not always content with the enjoyment merely of the beauty of form. He often tries to penetrate to the real significance and truth which may lie at the back of formal beauty.

physician assisted sucide Essays - Medical Ethics, Euthanasia

Ethical Issues in End-of-Life Care Robert M. Walker, MD The issues associated with appropriate end-of-life interventions involve ethical, moral, and legal decisions by patients and their physicians. Background: Physicians who treat patients approaching the end of life often face moral, ethical, and legal issues involving shared decision making, futility, the right to refuse medical treatment, euthanasia, and physician-assisted suicide. Methods: The author examines cases that involve these issues and also reviews the ethical principles that guide current medical practice. Issues such as end-of-life ethical questions, the right to life-sustaining therapy, medical futility, the distinction between killing and allowing to die, and physician-assisted suicide are discussed. Results: The principal problem involves the appropriate use of technology at the end of life. While developments in technology have enhanced our ability to prolong life, issues have also arisen regarding the resulting quality of life, the sometimes marginal benefits to our patients, and the burdens that this technology imposes on patients, families, and society. Conclusions: Legal and ethical issues continue to confront patients, courts, and physicians. A better understanding of these issues and an awareness of the availability of effective palliative care will help physicians, patients, and families adequately address the end-of-life issues that are an intrinsic part of medical care. Introduction Medicine?s technical advances of the past few decades have cast a shadow over its long-held ethic of compassionate care. The main problem has been the appropriate use of technology at the end of life. Should it be used on everyone, regardless of the chance of successful outcome or the burdens it imposes? If not, what ethical parameters guide the use and non-use of medical interventions? These questions are most sharp at the end of life because the burdens of intervention are often high, the benefits are marginal, and quality of life is markedly diminished. This article reviews the ethical principles that guide medical practice and then focuses on end-of-life ethical issues such as the right to life-sustaining therapy, medical futility, the distinction between killing and allowing to die, and physician-assisted suicide. Ethical Principles The core principles of medical ethics date from antiquity and are commonly labeled "beneficence" and "nonmaleficence." The principle of beneficence holds that physicians should aim to "benefit the sick," while nonmaleficence means to "do no harm" in the process. These principles are reflected in medicine?s chief goal, which is to help the sick by returning them to health and lessening the suffering and decline that is often associated with their diseases.1 The central question in the care of the dying is the appropriate use of life-sustaining interventions. In some cases, there is little or no benefit to be gained by these interventions, and yet the potential for significant harm commonly remains. Ordinarily, when the benefits are clearly outweighed by the potential harms of intervention, the use of that intervention is properly regarded as inappropriate. But who has the ultimate authority to decide the matter of appropriateness? Should it be the physician alone? Should inappropriate ness be decided at the policy level? From an ethics point of view, the patient is the one to decide about forgoing life-sustaining interventions, based on the third ethical principle ? patient autonomy. The principle of autonomy, or respect for persons, has its roots in analytic philosophy and has become synonymous with the concept of self-determination.2 This concept was expressed well by Justice Cardozo in a famous medical malpractice case: "Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body."3 The principle of autonomy lies at the root of the medical and legal doctrine of informed consent and also at the root of decisions by patients to forgo life-sustaining treatment at the end of life. The fourth ethical principle is that of distributive justice, which guides the fair allocation of medical resources. Justice considerations arise in end-of-life care when one compares the high cost of marginally beneficial end-of-life care to the lack of funding for the basic care of a large portion of our country?s residents. While the issues surrounding medical costs and the design of just health care systems are complex and important, they require a social policy level approach and should not be left simply to the physician at the bedside. The principle of